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SS Edmund Fitzgerald
SS ''Edmund Fitzgerald'' was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there.
For seventeen years ''Fitzgerald'' carried taconite iron ore from mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Toledo, and other Great Lakes ports. As a "workhorse", she set seasonal haul records six times, often breaking her own previous record. Captain Peter Pulcer was known for piping music day or night over the ship's intercom while passing through the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers (between Lakes Huron and Erie), and entertaining spectators at the Soo Locks (between Lakes Superior and Huron) with a running commentary about the ship. Her size, record-breaking performance, and "DJ captain" endeared ''Fitzgerald'' to boat watchers.
Carrying a full cargo of ore pellets with Captain Ernest M. McSorley in command, she embarked on her ill-fated voyage from Superior, Wisconsin, near Duluth, on the afternoon of November 9, 1975. En route to a steel mill near Detroit, ''Fitzgerald'' joined a second freighter, . By the next day, the two ships were caught in a severe storm on Lake Superior, with near hurricane-force winds and waves up to high. Shortly after 7:10 p.m., ''Fitzgerald'' suddenly sank in Canadian (Ontario) waters deep, about from Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario—a distance ''Fitzgerald'' could have covered in just over an hour at her top speed. Although ''Fitzgerald'' had reported being in difficulty earlier, no distress signals were sent before she sank; Captain McSorley's last message to ''Anderson'' said, "We are holding our own." Her crew of 29 perished, and no bodies were recovered.
Many books, studies, and expeditions have examined the cause of the sinking. ''Fitzgerald'' might have fallen victim to the high waves of the storm, suffered structural failure, been swamped with water entering through her cargo hatches or deck, experienced topside damage, or shoaled in a shallow part of Lake Superior. The sinking of ''Edmund Fitzgerald'' is one of the best-known disasters in the history of Great Lakes shipping. Gordon Lightfoot made it the subject of his 1976 hit song "The Wreck of the ''Edmund Fitzgerald"'' after reading an article, "The Cruelest Month", in the November 24, 1975, issue of ''Newsweek''. The sinking led to changes in Great Lakes shipping regulations and practices that included mandatory survival suits, depth finders, positioning systems, increased freeboard, and more frequent inspection of vessels.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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